How to Calculate Density Using a Balance
This guide provides a manual method for calculating density using a balance, which is more precise and suitable for smaller objects. Density is usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeters (g/m3). To use this method, you need a weighing balance or scale, a graduated beaker or cylindrical, a thermometer, an object to measure density, writing implements, water or other known liquid, and a calculator.
For floating objects, a glass plunger with known mass, volume, and density can be used. The suspension method requires the sample to be suspended on top of the balance. If your balance offers an underhook, use that hook to suspend the sample. If not, set up a suspension method on top of the balance.
Ensure the scale or balance is calibrated and shows zero. Set the unit to grams if the balance has multiple units. Set up the suspension method on or under the balance. Add the liquid to the beaker and record its temperature. If unable to tare the suspension kit, record the equipment's mass to subtract later.
Suspend the object in the air and weigh it in grams. Record the mass once stable, ensuring there are no air bubbles and the sample is fully submerged. Calculate the density of the sample by dividing the liquid's density by its mass in the air divided by its mass in the air minus its mass in the liquid.